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1.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 41(9): 617-624, sept. 2018. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-179702

RESUMO

El embarazo y la lactancia son unas de las etapas de mayor vulnerabilidad nutricional en la vida de la mujer y esto se debe a que durante el transcurso de estas situaciones existe una importante actividad anabólica que determina un aumento de las necesidades nutricionales maternas de casi todos los nutrientes con relación al periodo preconcepcional. Los efectos de las deficiencias y desequilibrios nutricionales en estas etapas de la vida de la mujer se han descrito bien en múltiples estudios epidemiológicos. Pueden ocasionar problemas de prematuridad y mortalidad infantil, incluso el desarrollo posterior de distintas enfermedades crónicas como diabetes tipo 2, hipertensión, enfermedades cardiovasculares y obesidad. A nivel global, se calcula que cada año nacen aproximadamente más de 20 millones de neonatos con bajo peso al nacer y que más del 95 % de estos neonatos nacen en países en desarrollo. La importancia del impacto intergeneracional de la alimentación nos lleva a nuevos retos y a plantear la importancia de la protección y promoción de la salud pública a través de la nutrición maternoinfantil. La atención de la embarazada requiere la evaluación del estado nutricional al inicio de la gestación con un seguimiento ponderal durante toda la etapa y una orientación dietética que garantice una alimentación y nutrición adecuada para la madre y el feto. Los objetivos principales son: cubrir las propias necesidades nutritivas, cubrir las necesidades del crecimiento fetal, afrontar mejor el momento del parto y preparar la futura lactancia. Una buena alimentación materna es el mejor comienzo para la vida


Pregnancy and lactation are one of the stages of greater nutritional vulnerability in the life of women and this is because during the course of them, there is an important anabolic activity that determines an increase in maternal nutritional needs of almost all the nutrients in relation to the preconceptional period. The effects of deficiencies and nutritional imbalances in these stages of a woman's life have been well described in multiple epidemiological studies. They can cause problems of prematurity and infant mortality, including the subsequent development of different chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and obesity. Globally, it is estimated that each year approximately 20 million newborns with low birth weight are born, and more than 95% of these babies are born in developing countries. The importance of the intergenerational impact of eating leads us to new challenges and to raise the importance of the protection and promotion of public health through maternal and child nutrition. The pregnant woman's attention requires the evaluation of the nutritional status at the beginning of pregnancy with a weight-based follow-up during the whole stage, and a dietary orientation that guarantees an adequate diet and nutrition for the mother and the fetus. The main objectives are: cover their own nutritional needs, meet the needs of fetal growth, better face the time of delivery and prepare for future breastfeeding. A good breastfeeding is the best start for life


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Nutrição da Gestante , Nutrição Materna , Aleitamento Materno/métodos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Materna , Complicações na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Transtornos da Lactação/prevenção & controle
2.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 41(1): 22-27, ene. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-170070

RESUMO

Durante el embarazo y el posparto se producen cambios hormonales y fisiológicos que pueden causar la aparición de síntomas psiquiátricos o la descompensación de procesos ya existentes. El tratamiento de los trastornos mentales maternos supone una situación compleja, especialmente por la posible teratogenia, definida como la capacidad para producir malformaciones congénitas en diversos estadios del desarrollo fetal. La recomendación inicial es la abstención terapéutica, pero es necesario que los profesionales que las atienden conozcan la evidencia para el uso seguro de psicofármacos durante la gestación. Se conoce que, en las mujeres embarazadas, las enfermedades psiquiátricas no tratadas o tratadas inadecuadamente pueden llevar a un cumplimiento escaso de los controles prenatales, una nutrición inadecuada, un aumento del consumo de medicamentos sin control médico, un incremento en el consumo de tabaco y alcohol y complicaciones en los vínculos familiares. Por todo ello, es necesario realizar una revisión bibliográfica actualizada en las principales bases de datos. Como conclusión principal extraemos que, con la información científica disponible, no se pueden hacer más que recomendaciones de seguridad relativa individualizadas por pacientes (AU)


During pregnancy and the postpartum period, hormonal and physiological changes may occur that can lead to the onset of psychiatric symptoms or the decompensation of existing processes. Treating maternal mental disorders is a complex challenge, especially due to the risk of teratogenesis, defined as congenital malformations appearing at various stages during fetal development. The initial recommendation for mothers is therapeutic abstention; however it is necessary that care professionals are aware of evidence on the safe use of psychoactive drugs during gestation. It is known that in pregnant women, untreated or inadequately treated psychiatric illnesses can lead to poor compliance with prenatal controls, inadequate nutrition, increased consumption of medications without medical supervision, increased use of tobacco and alcohol and complications in family ties. Considering the aforementioned threats, an updated bibliographic review on the subject matter in main databases is required. As a main conclusion, the current scientific information available allows only for patient-specific safety recommendations (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico , Psicotrópicos/uso terapêutico , Transtornos Mentais/tratamento farmacológico , Segurança do Paciente , Fatores de Risco , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/prevenção & controle , Troca Materno-Fetal
3.
Rev Enferm ; 40(2): 59-62, 64, 66, 68, 2017 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30272430

RESUMO

In our society a huge tension is caused by three types of contradictory messages in relation to our body structure: medical message, aesthetic message and gastronomic message. The abundance of food, some very attractive, together with the social "order" of having to be slim to be accepted, originates very complicated internal situations that lead predisposed people to develop an eating disorder. In concrete, bulimia nervosa is a disorder nobody spoke about three decades ago, and there are only some detailed references about it in the last 80 years. In 1979, Rusell coined the name of bulimia nervosa and considered it as a variation of the anorexia. From the 80s on, it has been noticed how the incidence of the bulimia nervosa has increased, with an important quantitative variability, being a reason for concern among health professionals and our society in general, and for the families who suffer its consequences in particular. Not likely to be a new disorder, since the references to excesses with food and to vomiting are so old that they cannot be traced in time. The origin of this disorder is multifactorial and although personality factors and environmental elements are implied, it is also true that there is a genetic predisposition that is not still well known. The individuals with bulimia nervosa show a wide range of functional limitations that are linked to the disorder, being the social field the one which can probably be affected more negatively. For all this, nowadays the deployment of resources and efforts has been increased by the health authorities, in order to implement therapeutic procedures, to boost ways of prevention and to reinforce the rehabilitation of all the aspects implied in the disorder.


Assuntos
Bulimia Nervosa , Bulimia Nervosa/diagnóstico , Bulimia Nervosa/enfermagem , Humanos
4.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 38(4): 54-59, abr. 2015. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-137133

RESUMO

Introducción. La enfermedad celiaca es una intolerancia permanente al gluten en individuos genéticamente predispuestos. Pero no todos los individuos susceptibles y expuestos al gluten desarrollan la enfermedad: parece que también pueden influir factores ambientales como las infecciones gastrointestinales, la microbiota intestinal, la introducción temprana y en grandes cantidades del gluten y la lactancia materna. Objetivo. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer si la nutrición del lactante puede disminuir el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad celiaca. Método. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en Cuiden, Cochrane Library, PubMed, SciELO y Google Académico, combinando los descriptores. Se incluyeron trabajos relacionados con el objetivo del presente trabajo. Diez artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y obtuvieron una puntuación alta en cuanto a la validez metodológica según la Guía CASPe. Resultados. La literatura evidencia que dar lactancia materna el máximo tiempo posible e introducir el gluten en la dieta en pequeñas cantidades y de forma gradual mientras el bebe aún se alimenta con leche materna disminuye el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad celiaca. Conclusiones. La efectividad de la nutrición del lactante como estrategia de prevención de la enfermedad celiaca ha quedado demostrada. Pero no está claro si previene la enfermedad o solo retrasa el inicio de los síntomas, por lo cual se deben desarrollar nuevos estudios en este sentido (AU)


Introduction. Celiac disease is a permanent intolerance to gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. But not all susceptible individuals exposed to gluten and develop disease: appears that environmental factors may also influence such as gastrointestinal infections, intestinal microbiota, early and in large quantities of gluten introduction and breastfeeding. Objective. The objetive of this study is to determine if the infant nutrition may decrease the risk of developing celiac disease. Method. A literature search was performed Cuiden, Cochrane Library, PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar, combining descriptors. Related to the objective of this paper work is included. Ten articles met the inclusion criteria and scored high in terms of methodological validity according to CASPe Guide. Results. The literature evidence to breastfeed as long as possible and introducing the gluten in the diet in small amounts and incrementally while the baby is still breastfed decreases the risk of developing celiac disease. Conclusions. The efficacy of the infant nutrition as prevention strategies for celiac disease has been demonstrated. But it is not clear whether this strategy prevents the disease or only delays the onset of symptoms. New studies should be developed to clarify this (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Doença Celíaca/congênito , Doença Celíaca/metabolismo , Aleitamento Materno/psicologia , Glutens/administração & dosagem , Glutens , Alimentação com Mamadeira/métodos , Alimentação com Mamadeira/psicologia , Doença Celíaca/complicações , Doença Celíaca/prevenção & controle , Aleitamento Materno/métodos , Glutens/metabolismo , Glutens/uso terapêutico , Alimentação com Mamadeira/enfermagem
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